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101.
Ana C. Silva Ana C. Amador Sónia Brazão Claúdia Faria Diana Boaventura 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(4):525-532
Patellid limpets are key species on rocky shores, structuring intertidal assemblages through their grazing. Their role as prey for fish is, however, often overlooked in studies of intertidal ecosystem functioning. The shanny Lipophrys pholis is a common predator of limpets on rocky shores in Northern Europe and, in this study, we examined the characteristics of its predation on limpets based on prey size. The limpet size range that adult L. pholis (10–12.5 cm) can eat was examined in the laboratory using Patella depressa in 0.2 cm classes, varying between 0.5 cm and 3.0 cm in maximum shell length. There was a limpet size refuge above 1.8 cm, while all smaller sizes were readily consumed by the shanny. The predator attacking behaviour was also examined and found to vary with prey size. Limpets up to 0.8 cm were crushed by the jaw‐constricting force and eaten whole, whereas larger prey were prised from the substratum and the body subsequently separated from the shell. To examine whether there was a L. pholis preference for P. depressa size, a two‐stage laboratory experiment was done using two size classes defined as small (0.7–0.8 cm maximum shell length) and large (1.5–1.6 cm maximum shell length). In the first stage, the predator was given each limpet size class separately. In the second stage, the fish was given a choice between the two classes. Lipophrys pholis was shown to have a preference for the large size class (1.5–1.6 cm). The average number of limpets consumed by the shanny was examined for the duration of one high‐tide typical of the central region of Portugal (≈ 4 h). On average, approximately five limpets (up to an eight limpet maximum) were consumed. The present study shows that L. pholis has a feeding preference based on limpet size, which suggests that the limpet population structure and intra‐ and inter‐specific interactions may be influenced by the shanny predation. 相似文献
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可压裂性是页岩在水力压裂中具有能够被有效压裂的能力的性质,是页岩开发中最关键的评价参数,影响因素包括页岩脆性、天然裂缝、石英含量、成岩作用及其他因素,目前常利用页岩矿物组成或岩石力学参数来表征,难以全面反映页岩在水力压裂过程中的综合性质。采用极差变换和经验赋值方法将参数标准化,使用层次分析法确定不同因数对可压裂性影响的权重,使用标准化值与权重系数加权得到可压裂系数的数学模型可对页岩可压裂性进行定量评价。可压裂系数越大,页岩可压裂性越强。采用该模型计算渝东南地区渝页1井龙马溪组页岩可压裂系数为0.485 5,Barnett页岩可压裂系数为0.484 4,总体处于同一水平;同时,使用该模型将页岩可压裂性分为3个级别,可压裂系数在0.132 0~0.282 0的页岩可压裂性低,水力压裂效果不佳;可压裂系数在0.282 0~0.456 7的页岩可压裂性中等,水力压裂能够取得较好的效果;可压裂系数在0.456 7~0.784 0的页岩可压裂性高,是优质的可压裂层。水力压裂应选择可压裂系数大于0.360 7的页岩。 相似文献
104.
土壤碳储量计算中不同插值方法对比研究——以吉林省大安市为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土壤碳储量问题是大气温室效应和全球变化研究的热点问题。本文采用“单位土壤碳量”方法,计算了吉林省大安市表层土壤有机碳总储量和平均土壤有机碳储量,以为全球碳循环研究提供精确的基础数据。分析和比较了反距离加权、全局多项式、局部多项式、径向基函数和普通克里格等不同插值模型对表层单位土壤有机碳储量空间插值结果的影响,结果表明全局多项式插值的均差最小,径向基函数中张力样条法的平均绝对误差最小,普通克里格法的标准差最小。综合分析来看,普通克里格的有理二次方程式模型插值精度最高。 相似文献
105.
106.
旅游资源分类方法及其应用研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
旅游资源分类是进行旅游资源普查、评价的前提,也是科学合理利用旅游资源的重要途径。分析了旅游资源特性,认为旅游资源具有相对性、广泛性、交叉性。对国内外旅游资源分类方法及方案进行简要分析和评述,认为中国现行分类方法和方案具有较强科学性、合理性和可操作性,但是也存在一些问题。从理论上探讨旅游资源分类方法,并论述如何将这些分类方法综合应用于分类实践,认为旅游资源可以采用多种分类方法,不同分类方法的适用范围各有不同,也可以综合应用。 相似文献
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108.
Víctor Leiva Antonio Sanhueza José M. Angulo 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(3):299-307
In this article, we develop a new model based on the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution that results to be both useful and practical
for environmental sciences. The density, distribution and hazard functions, moments and properties of this new model are presented.
A graphical analysis of the density is also provided. Furthermore, we estimate parameters, propose asymptotic inference and
discuss influence diagnostics by using likelihood methods for the new distribution. An illustrative example with real data
related to water quality indicates the adequacy on the new distribution. 相似文献
109.
Stream temperature is an important property of water and affects most other water quality constituents. It is also a property which is very much influenced by exogenous factors like air temperature and stream flow. This study investigates long‐term trends in stream temperatures measured at various stream monitoring stations in Turkey to better understand links with climate change. It was found by statistical trend analysis that more streams have experienced decreasing trends than increasing ones. Moreover, stream temperatures show a rising tendency in most stations over Turkey. Flow‐adjusted temperatures were computed to eliminate flow dependency and these show more positive than negative trends. Management plans of streams and watersheds need to take this into account and incorporate the implications into plans. 相似文献
110.
曲线拟合法对路基小变形情形适用性研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
双曲线法、三点法、指数曲线法和Asaoka法等曲线拟合法在软土路基的沉降预测中已经得到广泛应用,但在路基小变形情形的应用研究尚少。结合某铁路客运专线施工现场观测的路基小变形数据,对这4种方法,探讨了时间起点和样本值的起止时间间隔对相关系数的影响,且验算后期观测值的预测效果;并综合考虑了相关系数和相对误差,研究每种方法的适用性;指出了4种拟合方法在路基小变形情形应用的优缺点。研究表明:数据的波动会造成指数曲线法无法计算;沉降数据波动较小时,双曲线法、三点法、Asaoka法的拟合效果均较好;当沉降数据波动较大时,仅三点法、Asaoka法的拟合效果较好,双曲线法较差。 相似文献